The Riyadh Metro officially opened in November 2024, marking a historic milestone in Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure development. As the lead consultant in the Riyadh Metro Transit Consultants (RMTC) joint venture—alongside Egis and SYSTRA—Parsons played a pivotal role in delivering project and construction management for two of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City’s (RCRC) contracts.
Designed to redefine urban mobility, the Riyadh Metro spans 176.5 kilometers of track with 85 transit stations, making it the world’s longest driverless metro system.
With over 7 million hours worked without lost-time injuries, Parsons’ commitment to safety and operational excellence was integral to the metro’s successful completion.
Q. The Riyadh Metro includes 85 stations, many of which are architecturally striking. Could you describe the design and construction process behind these stations and any unique challenges faced?
The Riyadh Metro, which was officially inaugurated in November of last year and finalised its phased operational rollout in early January this year, is a transformative project aimed at reshaping urban mobility in Saudi Arabia. We are proud to be one of three members of a Parsons-led joint venture known as the Riyadh Metro Transit Consultants (RMTC), providing project and construction management on two of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City’s (RCRC) Riyadh Metro contracts, covering three of the six lines.
All 85 stations of Riyadh Metro were delivered using Design-Build contracts wherein we were responsible for both the project and construction management of the project, which was based on the concept-level designs provided in the tender. Four of these stations are considered ‘iconic’ and their design was chosen following an architectural competition. The winning firms were then subcontracted to the main construction joint ventures contracted to support the construction of those stations.
The Riyadh Metro currently stands as the longest driverless metro network in the world. With its prominence and first-to-market role, we anticipated the hurdles that could arise during construction. Designing sufficient cooling capacity for stations with extensive glass surfaces in Riyadh’s extreme heat was one such challenge, which was successfully addressed in different ways, including the deployment of HVAC units and special glass materials. We also had to revise the deep underground station designs due to a higher-than-expected water table.
Managing local traffic and utilities during the simultaneous construction of 85 stations, 7 depots, and 176km of guideway also added to the challenges, which required experts from around the globe to come together to achieve success.
Q. What role did advanced construction techniques and materials play in ensuring the durability and efficiency of these stations, given Riyadh’s climate and urban environment?
The Riyadh Metro is a significant milestone in the Kingdom’s infrastructure development journey, and it is worth noting that the contract mandated a 100-year design life for all structures.
We are proud to be part of this focus on innovative infrastructure development, and projects that advance sustainability and longevity towards advancing the lives of the people and the communities that the metro serves. To achieve this, we used advanced technologies such as high-performance grouts and concretes, along with cathodic protection, to provide a world-class transportation experience.
We also incorporated specialized HVAC systems that utilize recycled water and integrated solar panels throughout the metro network. Some stations have even achieved LEED Silver and Gold certifications.
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Q. What strategies were employed to manage stakeholder engagement, particularly with international stakeholders as well as residential and commercial entities affected by the construction?
Collaboration and communication across all stakeholders were central elements to the success of a milestone project like this. Our team successfully maintained a dedicated interface management group, whose main responsibility was to ensure effective interactions between contractors and the Design-Build consortia.
This team also managed interfaces between the Metro construction project and other adjacent projects, various utilities, government agencies, and even within the members of each Design-Build contractor.
Q. How were the stations integrated with existing urban infrastructure? How was accessibility prioritised, particularly to accommodate individuals with reduced mobility?
We designed the stations with four entrances each, ideally located at each corner of a roadway intersection, to maximize ground-level access. Each entrance includes stairs, escalators, and elevators to cater to the varied mobility needs of all passengers. Tactile tiles were also used to guide passengers with visual impairments along sidewalks, leading to and within the stations.
A major scope of work for the civil contractors involved restoring and improving utility networks, street pavements, landscaping, and hardscaping adjacent to homes and businesses along the corridor. Doing so enhanced both accessibility and safety around each station entrance.
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Q. Managing the construction of multiple stations simultaneously must have been complex. What strategies were employed by Parsons to ensure timely delivery and consistent quality across the network?
Managing a project of this scale requires a highly skilled team. We prioritised retaining key project staff who performed well and effectively resolved issues with contractors. We upheld world-class safety and quality standards, even exceeding our own internal targets and OSHA standards.
In fact, with the Riyadh Metro project, we achieved what we believe are true milestones and records, with over 2,500 Days Lost-Time Injury-Free reached in October 2024. This fostered consistent performance from both our project management staff and the contractors.
In addition, a robust quality assurance program held contractors accountable for correcting non-compliances, including impacting invoice certification to underscore the importance of compliance and minimize rework. Finally, managing talent acquisition within the PM/CM office streamlined recruitment and helped us maintain the necessary staffing levels.
Q. The Riyadh Metro is recognised as the world’s largest driverless train system. Could you discuss the technological innovations and security that facilitated this achievement?
While the core technologies utilised in the Riyadh Metro project were robust and proven systems that prioritise passenger comfort and safety, the innovation lies in the sheer scale of their implementation. Our focus was on ensuring we integrated the best available technologies on the market to create a driverless system of this unprecedented size, underscoring Riyadh’s ambitions to stand as a global, smart city.
The Riyadh Metro project is not just a transportation network; it is a catalyst that is reshaping the capital city’s built- environment. Through rigorous testing and integration, our goal was to guarantee seamless operation and passenger safety.
Q. Reflecting on the project’s lifecycle, what key lessons were learned that could inform future large-scale infrastructure projects?
The sheer scale of the Riyadh Metro project, and the integration of a public transportation system into a city where the use of private vehicles currently primes, represents a bold vision for the future; a vision we’re excited about and proud to be a part of. Creating a thriving, world-class metropolis also called for significant changes to urban infrastructure and public mindset. Our experience on the Riyadh Metro project provided key insights that can be applied to similar projects moving forward.
First, the involvement of the ultimate decision-makers is crucial for maintaining the vision of the project and timely approval of any deviations. We believe that developing designs to an even more complete state before tendering could further streamline the process.
A flexible and responsive change management culture is essential, as claims in large-scale contracts can quickly become unmanageable. It is paramount to clearly define and agree upon risk transfer elements at the contract award stage.
Finally, realistic scheduling from the outset, factoring in design review cycles and utility relocation times, is critical for successful project delivery.
Q. Could you elaborate on the sustainable measures adopted during the project’s execution and their expected long-term benefits?
The Kingdom’s commitment to sustainability and clean energy is reflected in the numerous sustainable practices at the heart of the Riyadh Metro project. These include the use of recycled water for landscape irrigation and specialized HVAC systems that utilize recycled water. Efficient plumbing fixtures and drought-tolerant landscaping further minimise the use of water. Solar panels have been installed across the metro stations and depots to generate 20 percent of the energy needed for critical systems and reduce the carbon footprint of the full network.
The trains of the Riyadh Metro network also incorporate other energy-efficient technologies, including regenerative braking, which generates energy during braking and reduces overall power consumption.